Impendulo eqondile
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingavikela RO ukusebenza kolwelwesi uma ikhethwe kahle futhi inakekelwa ubungozi be-inlet-water, ikakhulukazi ama-oxidants nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Akukona ukwelapha kwangaphambili okujwayelekile futhi akuthathi indawo yokulawula inzika, ukuqina kokuqina, ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo noma umbiko ophelele wamanzi. Uhlobo lwekhabhoni, isikhathi sokuxhumana, i-cartridge noma ifomethi yomkhumbi, ukugeleza, isikhawu sokushintsha kanye nokuziphatha kwe-chlorine noma i-chloramine kufanele kubhekwe njengengxenye yesitimela sonke sokwelashwa.
Inkinga yomthengi okufanele ixazululwe
Abathengi bavame ukuphatha isiteji sekhabhoni njengebhokisi elijwayelekile elingakopishwa phakathi kwamasistimu. Eqinisweni, i-cartridge encane, isitsha se-granular-carbon kanye ne-carbon block inezici ezihlukahlukene ze-hydraulic kanye nesevisi. Ukuhlelwa okufanele kuncike ekugxilweni kwe-inlet, ukugeleza, isikhathi sokuthintana, umthwalo wezinhlayiyana, umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa.
Ubudlelwano ne-RO bubuye bugxile ezintweni ezibonakalayo. Ukuchayeka kwe-oxidant kungathinta izinto eziningi zolwelwesi, kuyilapho ikhabhoni ephelile noma elayishwe ngebhayoloji ingadala izinkinga ezintsha zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke ukuqapha nokubuyisela ngesikhathi kuyingxenye yokuvikela ulwelwesi kunemininingwane yokuzithandela yangemva kokuthengisa.
Bika izidingo
Umbiko owusizo uhlanganisa idatha yaselabhorethri nengqikithi yokusebenza. Amanani kufanele ahlonze iphoyinti lesampula, amayunithi, usuku lokuhlolwa kanye nokuthi amele izimo ezivamile, eziyisisekelo noma eziphezulu. Lapho ukusakaza kushintsha nesizini noma umsebenzi wokukhiqiza, nikeza ububanzi esikhundleni senani elilodwa elikahle.
- umthombo wamanzi nomlando wokwelashwa
- i-chlorine yamahhala, i-chlorine ephelele noma ulwazi lwe-chloramine
- I-TOC, umbala, iphunga noma ukukhathazeka okuthile kwemvelo
- i-turbidity kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe
- ubulukhuni, insimbi, i-manganese kanye nezinkomba zebhayoloji
- ukugeleza, ukufunwa okuphezulu kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza sansuku zonke
- ifomethi yamanje yekhabhoni kanye nesikhawu sokushintsha
- kuhleliwe RO, NF noma esinye isigaba se-membrane esezansi nomfula
Ukuthi isigaba se-membrane sicatshangelwa kanjani
Isinqumo sesigaba kufanele sichaze ukuthi yini ulwelwesi okulindeleke ukuba luyigcine, yini engase idlule, iziphi izingozi okufanele zilawulwe phezulu nomfula kanye nokuthi inqubo yomfula idinga ini. Kufanele futhi ikhombe ukungaqiniseki kunokuguqula idatha engekho iyenze isimangalo somkhiqizo esiqinisekayo.
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe iyacatshangelwa lapho i-adsorption noma imisebenzi ye-catalytic ibhekana nengozi echaziwe yamanzi angenisa amanzi. Ukwakhiwa kwekhabhoni okuhlukile kungaba nokuziphatha okuhlukile kokuxhumana, ukwehla kwengcindezi kanye nezidingo zobufakazi. Igama lekhabhoni elejwayelekile alikufakazeli ukusebenza kwekhathriji ethile noma umkhumbi ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo zokugeleza.
Isigaba se-membrane esezansi nomfula sinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinsalela nezingozi ezibalulekile. Ukubuyekezwa kokwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi i-carbon ifanelekile yini, ukuthi kuyadingeka yini i-sediment eyengeziwe noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokuthi uhlelo luzobona kanjani impumelelo. Isinqumo kufanele sisebenzise ubufakazi bamanje bemidiya ehlongozwayo kanye nokucushwa.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kanye nengqikithi yesisetshenziswa
Ukulawulwa kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kwekhabhoni kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuvaleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nomzila. Ngemuva kwekhabhoni, isihlungi sokuvikela singase sifaneleke kuye ngesisetshenziswa. Amanzi omthombo, amanzi angaphezulu namanzi kamasipala angadinga izigaba ezihlukene zokusekela ngoba ama-oxidants, izinhlayiya, amaminerali kanye nezimo zebhayoloji ziyehluka.
Izikhathi zokushintsha kufanele zisekelwe ebufakazini bamandla, izimo zamanzi, ukugeleza nokuqapha esikhundleni sekhalenda lodwa. Ukumila isikhathi eside, amazinga okushisa afudumele kanye nokungakhucululwa kwendle kungandisa ingozi yezinto eziphilayo. Uhlelo lwesevisi kufanele lucacise ukuthi ubani ohlola isigaba sekhabhoni nokuthi yini ebangela ukushintshwa.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile
Lezi zinqamuleli zivame ukudala isicelo esingafanele noma zifihle ulwazi oludingwa ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe:
- Kucatshangwa ukuthi wonke amafomethi ekhabhoni asebenza ngokufanayo
- Ukusebenzisa ikhabhoni esikhundleni sokuhlaziya okuphelele kwamanzi
- Ukuziba isikhathi sokuxhumana, ukwehla kwengcindezi kanye nokuphumelela
- Ukushintsha ulwelwesi lwe-RO ngenkathi ushiya ukwelashwa kwangaphambili okukhathele kungashintshile
Umngcele wokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nokusekela
Yuchen Water ihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecushiwe kanye nezinto zokwakha futhi ingasekela ukufaniswa kokwelashwa kwangaphambili, izindlu, amaphampu, ukuhluzwa kanye namapulani okushintsha. Ubufakazi bokuhlola obushicilelwe busebenza kuphela kusampula elihloliwe kanye nezimo; akufanele inwetshelwe komunye ukwakhiwa ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa.
Uhlelo lokugcina RO lokuvikela lulandela umbiko nesakhiwo semishini. Asikho isigaba se-carbon esingasekela isithembiso esingafanelekile sempilo ye-membrane noma ukusebenza kwesistimu lapho amanzi e-inlet, ukugeleza kanye nezimo zokugcinwa zingakabuyekezwa.
Lesi sihloko siyimfundo yezobuchwepheshe, hhayi isiqinisekiso sephrojekthi. Okokugcina, ukwelapha kwangaphambili, okokusebenza kanye nezinqumo zokusebenza zidinga umbiko omele abantu kanye nolwazi lwamanje olusemthethweni.
Ungawulungiselela kanjani umfushane wephrojekthi olungele izinqumo
Umfushane olungele isinqumo wehlukanisa amaqiniso akaliwe nokuqagelwa. Maka ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela eqhamuke elabhorethri, yiziphi amanani aqhamuke ethuluzini eliku-inthanethi nokuthi yiziphi izimo eziyizilinganiso. Faka amayunithi kanye nezinsuku zesampula. Uma isistimu ekhona ingasebenzi kahle, nikeza isisekelo sokuklama sangempela, ukufundwa kwamanje, umlando wokuhlanza kanye nedethi lapho ushintsho luvele khona okokuqala. Lokhu kuvimbela ingxoxo yezinto ezintsha ukuthi isekelwe enkingeni yokusebenza engaziwa.
Chaza ukuhlukahluka esikhundleni sokuthumela isilinganiso kuphela. Izinguquko zemithombo yesizini, imikhankaso yokukhiqiza, imicimbi yokuhlanza, isikhathi sokulondoloza, ukusebenza kokumiswa kokuqala kanye nokufunwa okuphezulu kungadalula ulwelwesi ezimeni ezingekho kusampula eyodwa. Ububanzi busiza ithimba lezobuchwepheshe libone ukuthi iziphi izingozi ezidinga ukwelashwa kusengaphambili, ukugadwa, ukunganakwa noma ukuhlola okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa kokunikezwa kwezinto.
Ulwazi lwezisetshenziswa kufanele lubonise ukuthi ulwelwesi lungena kanjani ohlelweni oluphelele. Imininingwane ewusizo ihlanganisa umdwebo olula wokugeleza, ulwazi lwephampu nolwazi lwezindlu, ukulandelana kwesihlungi, amathuluzi atholakalayo, ukuhlelwa kokuhlanza nezithombe zokuxhunywa okukhona. Lokhu akuceli ikhasimende ukuthi lidizayine isisombululo. Inikeza Yuchen Water umongo owanele ukuze ugweme ukuncoma umsebenzi ongqubuzana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifakiwe.
Isincomo sokugcina kufanele sisho ubufakazi obusetshenzisiwe, ukungaqiniseki okusele kanye nesinyathelo esilandelayo sokuqinisekisa. Ingase ihlonze isigaba se-membrane kuqala bese ihlehlisa okubalulekile kuze kuqedwe ukuhlaziya noma ukuhlola. Le ndlela yesiteji isekela izinqumo ezingcono zokuthenga, izingcaphuno ezicacile kanye nohlelo olusebenzayo lokubuyisela esikhundleni sokukhetha kulebula yomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuba kuqondwe amanzi nomsebenzi.
Ngemva kokunikezwa, amarekhodi okusebenza adala ubufakazi bokusekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukufundwa kwamanzi okuphakelayo namanzi omkhiqizo, izitayela zengcindezi, imicimbi yokuhlanza, izinguquko zokuhlunga nokuvalwa okungavamile kusiza ukuhlukanisa ukuguga okuvamile nezinkinga zokwelashwa kusengaphambili noma zokusebenza. Isiqondiso sokusebenzisa isilawuli kude nokuhlelwa kokumiselela kuba usizo kakhulu lapho ikhasimende ligcina irekhodi elilula, elingaguquki lale mibandela.
Isicelo sezentengiso kufanele silandele isinqumo sobuchwepheshe kunokusihola. Ubuningi, isikhathi sokudiliva kanye nemibhalo esekelayo kungaxoxwa ngayo kusenesikhathi, kodwa akuthathi indawo yokuqinisekiswa komthombo, okuhlosiwe kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo semishini. Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe esicacile sinciphisa ubungozi bokucaphuna isigaba esingafanele futhi senza ukuxhumana kamuva mayelana nezinto ezisele nokugcinwa kucace kakhudlwana.
Uma uqhathanisa iziphakamiso zabahlinzeki, hlola ukuthi isincomo ngasinye sisho izimo zakho zokuphakelayo ezicatshangwayo kanye nenhloso yokwelashwa. Ukucindezela kwesihloko esiphansi, igama lesigaba esibanzi noma isitatimende esinikeza ithemba akubonisi ukufaneleka okungcono. Iziphakamiso eziqhathanisekayo kufanele zisebenzise umbiko ofanayo, izinga lokushisa, ishejuli yokusebenza kanye nenjongo yamanzi omkhiqizo, ngamavelu angasekelwe ahlukaniswe ngokucacile namaqiniso aqinisekisiwe.
Ireferensi esemthethweni
Isixhumanisi esisemthethweni sinikezwe njengereferensi eyinhloko yezigaba zamanje zolwelwesi kanye nemibhalo. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo lungashintsha, ngakho-ke okubalulekile kanye nedokhumenti esemthethweni yamanje kuqinisekiswa ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe.
Vontron Uhlolojikelele olusemthethweni lomkhiqizo we-membrane →Imihlahlandlela yolwazi ehlobene
Qhubeka nesikhungo solwazi se-membrane ukuze uthole ezinye izindlela zomthombo wamanzi nezindlela zokufaka isicelo, noma uthumele umbiko lapho inhloso yokwelapha isichaziwe kakade. Izixhumanisi zangaphakathi zixhuma isihloko sobuchwepheshe emakhasini afanele asekela izisetshenziswa ngaphandle kokushintsha okuqukethwe kwezemfundo kube ikhathalogi yamamodeli.