Impendulo eqondile
Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angabukeka ecacile kuyilapho equkethe ubulukhuni, i-alkalinity, insimbi, i-manganese, i-silica, amagesi ancibilikile, usawoti omningi noma ukungcola okuqondene nesayithi okuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kolwelwesi. Indlela elungile ingase isebenzise ukwelapha kusengaphambili okulandelwa UF, NF noma RO, kodwa isigaba asikwazi ukukhethwa ekubukekeni noma i-TDS iyodwa. Umbiko omele ilabhorethri, izinga lamanzi eliqondiwe, ukugeleza okudingekayo kanye nohlelo lokusebenza kufanele kubuyekezwe ngaphambi kokuthi Yuchen Water kunconywe izinto ezisetshenziswayo zolwelwesi noma usekelo lwemishini ehlobene.
Inkinga yomthengi okufanele ixazululwe
Ikhemistri yamanzi ahlanzekile ibonisa i-geology yendawo, ukujula komthombo, iphethini yokumpompa kanye nokushajwa kabusha kwesizini. Imithombo emibili eseduze ingase ibe namaminerali ahlukene okwenza isikali noma ukugxila kwensimbi. Isampula esithathwe ngemva kwesihlungi esikhona singaphinda sifihle ubungozi bangempela bamanzi aluhlaza. Abathengi kufanele bahlonze indawo yesampula futhi banikeze idatha yamanzi angalungisiwe noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
Isicelo sishintsha isinqumo. Ukulungiswa kwamanzi okuphuza, ukusetshenziswa kwezolimo, ukukhiqizwa kokudla, amanzi asetshenziswa ezimbonini kanye nokwakheka kukabhoyela akuhlanganisi inhloso eyodwa yomhlaba wonke. Umbhalo omfishane wezobuchwepheshe kufanele usho kokubili ukugeleza okudingekayo kanye nemikhawulo yekhwalithi ebalulekile ezansi nomfula, okuhlanganisa noma ngabe ukubulawa kwamagciwane kokugcina noma ukupholishwa kuhleliwe.
Bika izidingo
Umbiko owusizo uhlanganisa idatha yaselabhorethri nengqikithi yokusebenza. Amanani kufanele ahlonze iphoyinti lesampula, amayunithi, usuku lokuhlolwa kanye nokuthi amele izimo ezivamile, eziyisisekelo noma eziphezulu. Lapho ukusakaza kushintsha nesizini noma umsebenzi wokukhiqiza, nikeza ububanzi esikhundleni senani elilodwa elikahle.
- indawo kahle, ukujula kanye nephuzu lesampula
- TDS, conductivity, pH kanye lokushisa
- ubulukhuni, i-alkalinity, i-calcium, i-magnesium ne-sulfate
- i-silica, insimbi, i-manganese nanoma iyiphi inkomba ye-hydrogen sulfide
- i-turbidity, okuqinile okumisiwe nombala
- i-nitrate, i-fluoride, i-arsenic noma ezinye izihlaziyi ezifanele endaweni
- izinkomba ze-microbiological lapho kudingeka
- ikhwalithi eqondiwe, okukhiphayo, isikhathi sokusebenza kanye nokwelashwa okukhona
Ukuthi isigaba se-membrane sicatshangelwa kanjani
Isinqumo sesigaba kufanele sichaze ukuthi yini ulwelwesi okulindeleke ukuba luyigcine, yini engase idlule, iziphi izingozi okufanele zilawulwe phezulu nomfula kanye nokuthi inqubo yomfula idinga ini. Kufanele futhi ikhombe ukungaqiniseki kunokuguqula idatha engekho iyenze isimangalo somkhiqizo esiqinisekayo.
UF ingase ibe usizo lapho inselele enkulu ingukulayisha kwezinhlayiya, i-colloidal noma i-microbiological, kodwa ayiwasusi kabanzi amaminerali ancibilikile. NF ingacatshangelwa uma ubulukhuni obukhethiwe noma ukunciphisa okuncibilikisiwe kuhambisana nenhloso. RO ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengokunciphisa okuncibilikisiwe-kasawoti okubanzi noma amanzi enqubo yokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Inhlanganisela yangempela ilandela umbiko esikhundleni sokucaca okubonakalayo kwamanzi omthombo.
Ukuthambekela kokukala, i-oxidation yensimbi nokukhishwa kwegesi kungashintsha izimo ngaphakathi kwemishini. Insimbi noma i-manganese encibilika emthonjeni ingase yakhe izinhlayiya ngemva kokungenisa umoya. I-Carbon dioxide ingathinta i-pH kanye nokupholisha phansi komfula. Lokhu kusebenzisana kufanele kubuyekezwe lapho kukhethwa izimo zokwelashwa kwangaphambili kanye nezimo zokusebenza.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kanye nengqikithi yesisetshenziswa
Ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kungase kuhlanganise ukungena komoya noma ukufakwa kwe-oxid ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo, ukuhlunga kwemidiya, ukususwa kwensimbi ne-manganese, ukuthambisa, ikhabhoni ecushiwe, umthamo, UF nokuhlunga kwekhatriji. Izinyathelo ezikhethiwe zincike ekungcoleni okulinganiselwe kanye nesigaba se-membrane esihlosiwe. Ukuhambisana kwe-oxidant nokulawulwa kwensalela kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kwezinto ezibucayi zolwelwesi.
Uhlelo kufanele lubandakanye ukuzinza kwengcindezi, ukuhlanzeka kwethangi lokugcina, ukuqapha, ukugezwa kwamanzi kanye nokufinyelela ekuhlanzeni. Ukumpompa amanzi ngezikhathi ezithile kungadala ubungozi obuhlukene kusukela ekusebenzeni kwezimboni okuqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke ukusekelwa kwezisetshenziswa kufanele kucabangele ijika lephampu, uhlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinguquko kukhwalithi yokuphakelayo, hhayi okukhiphayo nje kuphela.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile
Lezi zinqamuleli zivame ukudala isicelo esingafanele noma zifihle ulwazi oludingwa ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe:
- Ukuthatha amanzi acwebile akudingi ukwelashwa kusengaphambili
- Ukusampula kuphela ngemva kweyunithi yokwelapha ekhona
- Ukuziba ukuhluka kwesizini noma okuhlobene nokumpompa
- Ukukhetha isigaba se-membrane ku-TDS ngaphandle kokubuyekeza ubulukhuni, i-silica nezinsimbi
Umngcele wokuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nokusekela
Yuchen Water inganikezela ngezinto zokwakha ze-membrane kanye nezingxoxo zemishini yokusekela yokuhlunga, ukwelashwa kusengaphambili, izindlu, amaphampu, izilawuli kanye nokuhlela okunye. Inkampani ayisho ukuthi umklamo owodwa ojwayelekile ulingana wonke umthombo noma ukuthi ulwelwesi lulodwa lwenza umthombo wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ongaziwa ulungele ukusetshenziswa okuthile.
Uma imithetho yendawo idinga amanzi okuphuza athile noma ukuhlolwa kwamanzi okucutshungulwa, ikhasimende kufanele lifake labo bahlaziyi embikweni. Isincomo sokugcina sihlala sinemibandela kumasampuli amele abantu, izinjongo zokwelapha eziqinisekisiwe kanye nolwazi olusemthethweni lwamanje.
Lesi sihloko siyimfundo yezobuchwepheshe, hhayi isiqinisekiso sephrojekthi. Okokugcina, ukwelapha kwangaphambili, okokusebenza kanye nezinqumo zokusebenza zidinga umbiko omele abantu kanye nolwazi lwamanje olusemthethweni.
Ungawulungiselela kanjani umfushane wephrojekthi olungele izinqumo
Umfushane olungele isinqumo wehlukanisa amaqiniso akaliwe nokuqagelwa. Maka ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela eqhamuke elabhorethri, yiziphi amanani aqhamuke ethuluzini eliku-inthanethi nokuthi yiziphi izimo eziyizilinganiso. Faka amayunithi kanye nezinsuku zesampula. Uma isistimu ekhona ingasebenzi kahle, nikeza isisekelo sokuklama sangempela, ukufundwa kwamanje, umlando wokuhlanza kanye nedethi lapho ushintsho luvele khona okokuqala. Lokhu kuvimbela ingxoxo yezinto ezintsha ukuthi isekelwe enkingeni yokusebenza engaziwa.
Chaza ukuhlukahluka esikhundleni sokuthumela isilinganiso kuphela. Izinguquko zemithombo yesizini, imikhankaso yokukhiqiza, imicimbi yokuhlanza, isikhathi sokulondoloza, ukusebenza kokumiswa kokuqala kanye nokufunwa okuphezulu kungadalula ulwelwesi ezimeni ezingekho kusampula eyodwa. Ububanzi busiza ithimba lezobuchwepheshe libone ukuthi iziphi izingozi ezidinga ukwelashwa kusengaphambili, ukugadwa, ukunganakwa noma ukuhlola okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa kokunikezwa kwezinto.
Ulwazi lwezisetshenziswa kufanele lubonise ukuthi ulwelwesi lungena kanjani ohlelweni oluphelele. Imininingwane ewusizo ihlanganisa umdwebo olula wokugeleza, ulwazi lwephampu nolwazi lwezindlu, ukulandelana kwesihlungi, amathuluzi atholakalayo, ukuhlelwa kokuhlanza nezithombe zokuxhunywa okukhona. Lokhu akuceli ikhasimende ukuthi lidizayine isisombululo. Inikeza Yuchen Water umongo owanele ukuze ugweme ukuncoma umsebenzi ongqubuzana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifakiwe.
Isincomo sokugcina kufanele sisho ubufakazi obusetshenzisiwe, ukungaqiniseki okusele kanye nesinyathelo esilandelayo sokuqinisekisa. Ingase ihlonze isigaba se-membrane kuqala bese ihlehlisa okubalulekile kuze kuqedwe ukuhlaziya noma ukuhlola. Le ndlela yesiteji isekela izinqumo ezingcono zokuthenga, izingcaphuno ezicacile kanye nohlelo olusebenzayo lokubuyisela esikhundleni sokukhetha kulebula yomkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuba kuqondwe amanzi nomsebenzi.
Ngemva kokunikezwa, amarekhodi okusebenza adala ubufakazi bokusekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukufundwa kwamanzi okuphakelayo namanzi omkhiqizo, izitayela zengcindezi, imicimbi yokuhlanza, izinguquko zokuhlunga nokuvalwa okungavamile kusiza ukuhlukanisa ukuguga okuvamile nezinkinga zokwelashwa kusengaphambili noma zokusebenza. Isiqondiso sokusebenzisa isilawuli kude nokuhlelwa kokumiselela kuba usizo kakhulu lapho ikhasimende ligcina irekhodi elilula, elingaguquki lale mibandela.
Isicelo sezentengiso kufanele silandele isinqumo sobuchwepheshe kunokusihola. Ubuningi, isikhathi sokudiliva kanye nemibhalo esekelayo kungaxoxwa ngayo kusenesikhathi, kodwa akuthathi indawo yokuqinisekiswa komthombo, okuhlosiwe kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo semishini. Isisekelo sobuchwepheshe esicacile sinciphisa ubungozi bokucaphuna isigaba esingafanele futhi senza ukuxhumana kamuva mayelana nezinto ezisele nokugcinwa kucace kakhudlwana.
Uma uqhathanisa iziphakamiso zabahlinzeki, hlola ukuthi isincomo ngasinye sisho izimo zakho zokuphakelayo ezicatshangwayo kanye nenhloso yokwelashwa. Ukucindezela kwesihloko esiphansi, igama lesigaba esibanzi noma isitatimende esinikeza ithemba akubonisi ukufaneleka okungcono. Iziphakamiso eziqhathanisekayo kufanele zisebenzise umbiko ofanayo, izinga lokushisa, ishejuli yokusebenza kanye nenjongo yamanzi omkhiqizo, ngamavelu angasekelwe ahlukaniswe ngokucacile namaqiniso aqinisekisiwe.
Ireferensi esemthethweni
Isixhumanisi esisemthethweni sinikezwe njengereferensi eyinhloko yezigaba zamanje zolwelwesi kanye nemibhalo. Ulwazi lomkhiqizo lungashintsha, ngakho-ke okubalulekile kanye nedokhumenti esemthethweni yamanje kuqinisekiswa ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe.
Vontron okusemthethweni RO, NF kanye UF izigaba zolwelwesi →Imihlahlandlela yolwazi ehlobene
Qhubeka nesikhungo solwazi se-membrane ukuze uthole ezinye izindlela zomthombo wamanzi nezindlela zokufaka isicelo, noma uthumele umbiko lapho inhloso yokwelapha isichaziwe kakade. Izixhumanisi zangaphakathi zixhuma isihloko sobuchwepheshe emakhasini afanele asekela izisetshenziswa ngaphandle kokushintsha okuqukethwe kwezemfundo kube ikhathalogi yamamodeli.