Impendulo eqondile
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingaba yingxenye yesu PFAS yokwelapha, kodwa umusho PFAS uhlanganisa izinhlanganisela eziningi futhi asikho isimangalo sekhabhoni ejwayelekile esanele. Ubufakazi kufanele buhlonze PFAS inhlanganisela ehloliwe, ukugxilwa kwe-inlet, i-matrix yamanzi, ikhabhoni kanye nokwakhiwa okuqediwe, ukugeleza noma izimo zokuxhumana, ishejuli yesampula nendawo yokugcina. Izinhlanganisela zamaketango amade namafushane zingaziphatha ngendlela ehlukile, kuyilapho izinto eziphilayo zemvelo nezinye izakhi zingaqhudelana ngeziza ze-adsorption. Ngemikhiqizo yasendlini, abathengi kufanele baqinisekise umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe kanye nesimangalo sokunciphisa futhi balandele imiyalelo yokuwunakekela. Ezinhlelweni zezimboni, ukuhlaziya amanzi, ubufakazi bokuhlola noma bezicelo, ukuqapha okuyimpumelelo kanye nohlelo olushintshayo lubalulekile ekubuyekezweni.
- Iqanjwe PFAS kanye nokugxila okunamandla
- I-matrix yamanzi nezinto eziqhudelanayo
- Imidiya ekhonjiwe noma ukwakhiwa
- Izimo zokuhlola nezindawo zokugcina
- Ubufakazi bokuqapha kwenkundla
Umdwebo womcabango. Hhayi imiphumela yokuhlolwa, isitifiketi somkhiqizo noma umdwebo wobunjiniyela.
Qala ngenkinga yomthengi
Umthengi angathola isitatimende sokuthi ikhabhoni ifanele PFAS ngaphandle kokubona ukuthi yiziphi izinhlanganisela ezifakiwe. Lokho akwanele ukuqhathanisa imikhiqizo. PFOA, PFOS kanye nezinto ezinochungechunge olufushane akufanele ziphoqwe zibe yimpendulo eyodwa ecatshangwayo. Umthombo wamanzi nawo ubalulekile: inselele yaselabhorethri ehlanzekile ayibikezeli ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, amanzi kamasipala noma umfudlana wezimboni oqukethe izinto eziphilayo kanye nezinye izimbangi.
Indlela yobufakazi iyahluka phakathi kwensiza yokusetshenziswa eqinisekisiwe kanye nombhede wangokwezifiso wezimboni. Isitifiketi siboshelwe kumkhiqizo osohlwini, okujwayelekile, izimo zokuhlola kanye nesimangalo. Akufanele idluliselwe kwenye i-cartridge noma kumidiya eyinqwaba. Iphrojekthi yezimboni ingase isebenzise ukuhlolwa kwemidiya, ukumodela, umsebenzi wokuhlola kanye nesistimu yokuhola egadiwe. Ikhasi kanye nekhotheshini kufanele kukhombe ukuthi iyiphi indlela esekela isincomo nokuthi yimiphi imibuzo ehlala ivuliwe.
Imuphi umbiko nedatha yokusebenza edingekayo
PFAS ukubuyekezwa kudinga idatha yokuhlaziya eqondile kanye nesampula yokuqukethwe okucophelelayo. Sebenzisa indlela efanele yaselabhorethri futhi uhlonze imikhawulo yokubika engatholi lutho kunokuthumela kuphela ilebula eliphelele noma lokumaketha.
- PFAS uhlu lokuhlaziya, umphumela wenhlanganisela ngayinye, umkhawulo wokubika kanye nosuku lwamasampula
- umthombo wamanzi, indawo yesampula kanye nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula
- TOC noma i-organic carbon encibilikisiwe kanye nezingxenye ezifanele eziqhudelanayo
- i-pH, izinga lokushisa, i-turbidity kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe
- ukugeleza okumaphakathi nokuphakeme, isikhathi sokusebenza sansuku zonke kanye nokuhlukahluka kwesidingo okulindelekile
- i-carbon media ehlongozwayo, i-cartridge noma ukwakhiwa komkhumbi kanye nobufakazi benqwaba
- izinga lokukhipha okuhlosiwe, indlela yokuqapha kanye noshintsho lokuhlaziya
- inhlamvu yokufaka esikhundleni, imiyalelo yokulungisa kanye nohlelo lokusingatha imidiya esetshenzisiwe
Umbiko kufanele ube wakamuva ngokwanele ukuze umelele umthombo ohlongozwayo futhi kufanele uhlonze idethi yesampula nendawo. Uma amanzi eshintsha ngesizini, inqwaba yokukhiqiza noma isimo sokusebenza, hlinzeka ngobubanzi kunomphumela owodwa olula. Yisho inhloso yamanzi ahlanzekile adingekayo ngokwehlukana nokuhlaziywa kwamanje. Uma inani lingaziwa, limaka njengelingaziwa; igebe elibonakalayo liphephile kunenombolo eqageliwe.
Ulwazi lwe-hydraulic luyingxenye yekhemistri. Ukugeleza okumaphakathi kukodwa kungafihla izimo ezimfushane eziphakeme, umsebenzi wezikhawu kanye nokuma okude. Qinisekisa isikhathi sokusebenza sansuku zonke, isidingo esiphezulu, ingcindezi etholakalayo, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi okuvunyelwe, ubukhulu bemishini futhi WHO izoqapha futhi imiselele ikhabhoni. Le mininingwane inquma ukuthi imidiya ebambekayo ingasetshenziswa yini kusistimu esebenzisekayo.
I-logic yokukhetha
Okokuqala chaza isimangalo. Kungase kube ukuncishiswa kwegama elithi PFAS emkhiqizweni wasekhaya osohlwini, noma ukulawulwa kwegama elithi PFAS liyiswe kuphrojekthi eqondiwe ohlelweni olukhulu. Qinisekisa ubufakazi obusebenzayo baleso simangalo kunokuba ucaphune isitatimende esijwayelekile mayelana nekhabhoni ecushiwe. EPA ulwazi luphawula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwekhabhoni, ukujula kombhede, ukugeleza, PFAS, izinga lokushisa, izinto eziphilayo nezinye izakhi; lokho okuguquguqukayo kuyingxenye yokubuyekezwa kwephrojekthi.
Okwesibili, funda izimo zokuhlola. Qhathanisa amanzi okuphonselwa inselelo nomthombo ohlongozwayo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ubufakazi bubika amasampula angaphambi kwesikhathi kuphela noma bulandela isistimu ekuphumeleleni. Ukwehliswa okuphezulu kokuqala akusunguli isikhawu sesevisi esigcwele. Isibuyekezo kufanele sirekhode umthamo olashiwe, izimo zokuxhumana, imiphumela eqondile ehlanganisiwe nendawo yokugcina esetshenziselwa ukumisa ukuhlolwa noma ukufaka esikhundleni semidiya.
Okwesithathu, qinisekisa ukugcinwa nokuqinisekisa. Isihlungi esingashintshwanga njengoba kudingekile ngeke kusacatshangwa ukuthi sisebenza njengoba sihloliwe. Amasistimu ezimboni adinga amasampula okufinyeleleka kalula, ishejuli yokuhlaziya kanye nohlelo lokusebenza oluthinta ukuguqulwa kwelabhorethri. Lapho kucashunwe khona isitifiketi, qinisekisa ukufakwa kuhlu kwamanje komkhiqizo kanye nesimangalo; unganciki kuphela kulogo, inombolo evamile evamile noma isitatimende somphakeli.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, okokusebenza kanye nesimo sokusebenza
Ukulawulwa kwezinhlayiyana ngaphambi kwe-GAC kungase kuhlobane ngoba umbhede we-adsorption akufanele uthathwe njengesihlungi esingalawuleki sezinto eziqinile. Imikhumbi ye-lead-lag inganikeza ukuqapha kokusebenza kanye nesithiyo sesibili, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yendawo yokusetshenziswa kufanele ifakwe futhi igcinwe ngokuvumelana neziyalezo zabo eziqinisekisiwe. Ukuncintisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezimo zomthombo ezishintshayo kungase kuthinte ukuhlela kokushintsha kuzo zombili izimo.
PFAS ukuphatha kuhlanganisa nezinsalela. Izinhlanganisela ezithunjiwe zihlala zihlotshaniswa nemidiya esetshenzisiwe, ama-cartridges noma i-regenerant, ngakho-ke iphrojekthi idinga indlela yokusingatha efanele. Yuchen Water ingaxoxa ngezinto zekhabhoni, amakhatriji, imikhumbi kanye nokwesekwa kwemishini ehlobene, kodwa udoti oqondene nendawo ethile, izinqumo zokulawula kanye nezinqubo zokugcina zidinga izinhlangothi zephrojekthi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nezimfuneko zamanje.
Amaphutha ajwayelekile
- Kusetshenziswa PFAS njengokungathi inhlanganisela eyodwa enempendulo eyodwa ye-adsorption
- Ukudlulisa isitifiketi sisuka kumkhiqizo osohlwini siye kwenye i-cartridge noma imidiya eyinqwaba
- Ukubika ukwehliswa kokuqala njengempilo yesevisi yesistimu
- Ukuziba ukuncintisana kwemvelo, izinhlanganisela zamaketango amafushane kanye nemikhawulo yokuhlaziya
- Akuhlinzeki ngohlelo lokulungisa noma lokuqapha impumelelo
Ubufakazi kanye nomngcele wesevisi
Yuchen Water ayishicileli ingubo PFAS amaphesenti okunciphisa, umthamo noma isimangalo sempilo yayo yonke imikhiqizo yekhabhoni ecushiwe. Noma yimuphi umbiko onikeziwe usebenza kuphela kwisampula ehlonziwe, ukwakhiwa kanye nemibandela. Umthengi ocela isixazululo PFAS kufanele athumele idatha eqondile ehlanganisiwe kanye nomsebenzi wesistimu ohlosiwe ukuze ubufakazi obutholakalayo bufaniswe ngaphandle kokunwetshwa ngokweqile.
Umphumela wobuchwepheshe ungase uncome omunye umsebenzi waselabhorethri, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola, isigaba sokwelashwa esihlukile noma inqubo ehlanganisiwe. Lokho kuwumphumela osebenzayo lapho ubufakazi bungaphelele. Injongo ayikona ukuphoqelela ikhabhoni ecushiwe kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi PFAS; kuwukuchaza inkomba yezinto ezisekelwayo kanye nempahla yokusebenza ngokugadwa nezilawuli zesevisi.
Yuchen Water ibuyekeza okuhlosiwe kanye nobufakazi kuqala, bese ihlonza ifomethi yekhabhoni efanele kanye nemibuzo ebalulekile, esekela ukwelapha kwangaphambili nezidingo zemishini, kanye namadokhumenti noma izivivinyo ezisadingeka. Okukhiphayo kungaba isiqondiso sokuqala, isicelo solwazi olungekho, noma isincomo sento esekelayo nesisetshenziswa. Isincomo asikhishwa ngoba nje umthengi unikeze igama lomkhiqizo.
Ngemuva kokuhlinzekwa, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kungafaka ukuqinisekiswa kwedokhumenti, imibuzo yokufaka kanye ne-flushing, isiqondiso sokusebenza esikude, izindawo zokuqapha kanye nokuhlelwa kokushintsha ngaphakathi kwendawo okuvunyelwene ngayo. Ukusebenza kwangempela kusancike ezintweni ezigunyaziwe, okokusebenza okuphelele, amanzi omthombo, ukufakwa, ukusebenza nokugcinwa. Isiqondiso esishicilelwe asikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sokubuyekezwa kwephrojekthi.
Akukho lutho lokugcina, umthamo, impilo yesevisi, iphesenti lokususwa noma umphumela wephrojekthi othenjiswayo ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa kombiko, ukwakhiwa, ubufakazi kanye nezimo zokusebenza.
Imithombo esemthethweni yezobuchwepheshe
Le mithombo ichaza izimiso zokwelashwa noma imingcele yesitifiketi. Ayiqinisekisi Yuchen Water imikhiqizo futhi ayithathi indawo yobufakazi obuqondene nephrojekthi.
Umhlahlandlela ohlobene wekhabhoni ecushiwe
Qhubeka ngeqoqo lolwazi, buyekeza isampula yobufakazi obukhethiwe kuphela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yakhona eshiwo, qhathanisa amafomethi omkhiqizo, noma hambisa umbiko ukuze ubuyekezwe lobuchwepheshe.