Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo Ekuhlanzeni Amanzi: Umhlahlandlela Wombiko Wokuqala

Qala ngenkinga yomthengi

Abathengi bavame ukuqala ngesicelo esibanzi njengokususa iphunga, i-chlorine, umbala, inhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo noma inkinga yokunambitha engaziwa. Lezo zicelo zichaza uphawu, hhayi isisekelo sokuklama. Umsebenzi wokuqala uwukuhlonza umthombo wamanzi, ukuthi ashintshashintsha kanjani, ukuthi iyiphi i-endpoint ehlanganisiwe noma elinganisekayo, kanye nokuthi ingabe isigaba sekhabhoni sihloselwe njengesinyathelo sokwelapha esiyinhloko, ukupholishwa, noma ukwelashwa ngaphambi kolwelwesi. Ikhatriji yamanzi kamasipala kanye nomkhumbi wezimboni GAC zombili zingaqukatha ikhabhoni ecushiwe kuyilapho kunobufakazi obuhluke kakhulu nezidingo zokuqapha.

Umbuzo wesibili ngowokuthi yini lekhabhoni ecushiwe okungalindelekile ukuthi yenziwe. Akufanele yethulwe esikhundleni sokulawulwa kwenhlabathi, ukuphathwa kokuqina, ukubulala amagciwane, ukushintshanisa i-ion noma ukuhlukaniswa kolwelwesi lapho leyo misebenzi idingeka. Ezinye izinto ezincibilikisiwe zingase zingakhangiswa kakhulu, futhi ukuncintisana okuvela ezintweni eziphilayo zemvelo kunganciphisa umthamo owusizo wenhlanganisela eqondiwe. Ukubuyekeza kufanele kucabangele isitimela sokwelapha esiphelele esikhundleni sokunikeza yonke inkinga yekhwalithi yamanzi embhedeni owodwa wemidiya.

Imuphi umbiko nedatha yokusebenza edingekayo

Ukubuyekezwa okuwusizo kobuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa ikhemistri yamanzi nolwazi olusebenza ngogesi nolwezohwebo. Thumela imiphumela yamanje lapho itholakala khona bese ulebula amasampuli ngomthombo nangedethi ukuze kubonakale ukuhlukahluka kwesizini noma inqubo.

• umthombo wamanzi, usuku lwesampula kanye nanoma yikuphi ukwahlukahlukana kwesizini noma inqwaba okwaziwayo
• inhlanganisela eqondiwe, ukugxiliswa kwe-inlet kanye nethagethi edingekayo lapho kwaziwa khona
• I-pH, izinga lokushisa, i-turbidity kanye nolwazi lwezinsimbi ezimisiwe
• TOC noma COD, umbala, iphunga nezinkomba ezifanele zemvelo
• i-chlorine yamahhala, i-chlorine ephelele noma i-chloramine lapho ukulawulwa kwe-oxidant kubandakanyeka
• ukugeleza okumaphakathi, ukugeleza okuphezulu, isikhathi sokusebenza sansuku zonke kanye nephethini yokusebenza
• ukwelapha okukhona, izindlu ezitholakalayo noma umkhumbi kanye nemikhawulo yengcindezi
• indlela yokuqapha, amaphuzu amasampula kanye nomkhuba ohlongozwayo wokushintsha noma ukukhiqiza kabusha

Umbiko kufanele ube wakamuva ngokwanele ukuze umelele umthombo ohlongozwayo futhi kufanele uhlonze idethi yesampula nendawo. Uma amanzi eshintsha ngesizini, inqwaba yokukhiqiza noma isimo sokusebenza, hlinzeka ngobubanzi kunomphumela owodwa olula. Yisho inhloso yamanzi ahlanzekile adingekayo ngokwehlukana nokuhlaziywa kwamanje. Uma inani lingaziwa, limaka njengelingaziwa; igebe elibonakalayo liphephile kunenombolo eqageliwe.

Ulwazi lwe-hydraulic luyingxenye yekhemistri. Ukugeleza okumaphakathi kukodwa kungafihla izimo ezimfushane eziphakeme, umsebenzi wezikhawu kanye nokuma okude. Qinisekisa isikhathi sokusebenza sansuku zonke, isidingo esiphezulu, ingcindezi etholakalayo, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi okuvunyelwe, ubukhulu bemishini futhi WHO izoqapha futhi imiselele ikhabhoni. Le mininingwane inquma ukuthi imidiya ebambekayo ingasetshenziswa yini kusistimu esebenzisekayo.

I-logic yokukhetha

Ukukhethwa kuqala ngokuhlukanisa inhloso yokwelashwa efomini lomkhiqizo. Inhlanganisela eqondiwe, inkinga yokunambitha nephunga noma insalela ye-oxidant idala umbuzo we-adsorption. Ukugeleza, isikhala, ukwehla kwengcindezi nokufinyelela kwesevisi kudala umbuzo wokumisa. Umthombo wekhabhoni, indlela yokwenza kusebenze, usayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nokwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa kudala umbuzo wokucaciswa kwemidiya. Le mibuzo emithathu iyasebenzisana, kodwa ayikho okufanele iphendulwe kuphela ngelebula efana nethi GAC, CTO noma igobolondo likakhukhunathi.

Ukucaciswa kwemidiya kungasiza ukuqhathanisa izinto ezinikeziwe, kodwa inkomba eyodwa ayisunguli umthamo wenkundla. Inombolo ye-iodine, ububanzi bemeshi, umlotha, umswakama nobulukhuni buchaza izici ezihlukene zesampula noma inkatho. Ayithathi indawo yokuhlola okuqondene nokungcola, umsebenzi wokuhlola noma isisekelo sokusebenza esibuyekeziwe. Lapho inhloso yokwelashwa ibucayi, isincomo kufanele sisho ukuthi ibuphi ubufakazi obukhona, yini ehlala ingaqinisekisiwe nokuthi yikuphi ukuqapha okuzoqinisekisa impumelelo yangempela.

Indlela yokugcina nayo incike ekuhleleni umjikelezo wempilo. Iphrojekthi idinga indlela yokukhipha isiteji sekhabhoni, inhlawulo yokugudluza lapho kufanele khona, ibheke ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi, isampula ngaphambi nangemuva kokulala, nokushintsha noma ukuvuselela imidiya ngaphambi kokuba kudlule umkhawulo odingekayo. Ngaphandle kwalezo zilawuli, ngisho nempahla efanele ingasetshenziswa ngaphezu kwamandla ayo angokoqobo noma ngaphansi kwezimo ze-hydraulic ezidala umzila kanye nokuxhumana okungaphelele.

Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, okokusebenza kanye nesimo sokusebenza

Izinto eziqinile ezikhuphukayo zingathatha indawo yombhede, zivimbe i-carbon block noma zidale ukugeleza okungalingani. Ukuhlunga kwenhlabathi, ukucaciswa noma UF ngakho-ke kungabuyekezwa ngaphambi kwekhabhoni kweminye imithombo. Ukuhlunga kokuvikeleka okuya phansi kungase kucatshangelwe lapho izinhlawulo zemidiya noma ukuvikela okokusebenza kubalulekile. Izimo zebhayoloji, amanzi afudumele kanye nokuma okude nakho kudinga ukunakwa ngoba ikhabhoni ayilona uhlelo lokukhucululwa kwendle.

Emikhumbi yezimboni, buyekeza ukujula kombhede, izinga lokulayisha, isikhathi sokuxhumana, izidingo zokugeza i-backwash, idizayini yabasabalalisi kanye nokuthi imikhumbi edonsa umthofu noma izitimela ezihambisanayo iyadingeka yini ukuze kuqhubeke. Kuma-cartridge, qinisekisa ubukhulu, uxhumano, ububanzi bokugeleza, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi, ukwakhiwa nokufinyelela okunye. Yuchen Water ingasekela ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla kanye nengxoxo yokufanisa okokusebenza ngemva kokutholakala kombiko kanye nemininingwane yokusebenza.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile

• Ukukhetha kuphela ngomthombo wekhabhoni noma inombolo ye-iodine
• Ukwelapha umphumela wesampula waselabhorethri njengesiqinisekiso sawo wonke amakhatriji
• Ukuziba izinto eziphilayo eziqhudelanayo, i-turbidity nezimo zebhayoloji
• Ukusetha isikhawu sokushintsha ikhalenda ngaphandle kokuqapha noma ubufakazi bamandla
• Ukucabanga ukuthi isiteji sekhabhoni senza ulwelwesi, ukukhishwa kwamagciwane noma ukuthambisa imisebenzi

Ubufakazi kanye nomngcele wesevisi

Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe olushicilelwe kufanele lwehlukanise ukucaciswa kwemidiya esicelweni sokwelashwa. Isimangalo sokwelashwa sidinga ukungcola okunegama, indlela yokuhlola, inselele yokungena, ukugeleza noma isimo sokuxhumana, indawo yokugcina kanye nokwakhiwa okuhloliwe. Uma enye yalezo zici ishintsha, ubufakazi ngeke lusachaza iphrojekthi ehlongozwayo. Yuchen Water izohlonza lezi zikhala ngesikhathi sokubuyekeza kunokwelula umbiko owodwa ezintweni ezingahlobene.

Ububanzi bokuphakela bungabandakanya imidiya yekhabhoni ecushiwe, amakhatriji ekhabhoni, izindlu noma izingxenye ezihlobene nomkhumbi kanye nokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe kwemishini. Ayidali isithembiso esingenamibandela sempilo yesevisi, umthamo wokukhangisa noma ikhwalithi yamanzi aphuma kuyo. Leyo miphumela incike ezintweni ezigunyaziwe, umthombo wamanzi, ukwakheka kwesistimu, ukusebenza, ukunakekelwa kanye nohlelo lokuqapha olubhaliwe.

Yuchen Water ibuyekeza okuhlosiwe kanye nobufakazi kuqala, bese ihlonza ifomethi yekhabhoni efanele kanye nemibuzo ebalulekile, esekela ukwelapha kwangaphambili nezidingo zemishini, kanye namadokhumenti noma izivivinyo ezisadingeka. Okukhiphayo kungaba isiqondiso sokuqala, isicelo solwazi olungekho, noma isincomo sento esekelayo nesisetshenziswa. Isincomo asikhishwa ngoba nje umthengi unikeze igama lomkhiqizo.

Ngemuva kokuhlinzekwa, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe kungafaka ukuqinisekiswa kwedokhumenti, imibuzo yokufaka kanye ne-flushing, isiqondiso sokusebenza esikude, izindawo zokuqapha kanye nokuhlelwa kokushintsha ngaphakathi kwendawo okuvunyelwene ngayo. Ukusebenza kwangempela kusancike ezintweni ezigunyaziwe, okokusebenza okuphelele, amanzi omthombo, ukufakwa, ukusebenza nokugcinwa. Isiqondiso esishicilelwe asikwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sokubuyekezwa kwephrojekthi.

Akukho lutho lokugcina, umthamo, impilo yesevisi, iphesenti lokususwa noma umphumela wephrojekthi othenjiswayo ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa kombiko, ukwakhiwa, ubufakazi kanye nezimo zokusebenza.

Umhlahlandlela ohlobene wekhabhoni ecushiwe

Qhubeka ngeqoqo lolwazi, buyekeza isampula yobufakazi obukhethiwe kuphela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yakhona eshiwo, qhathanisa amafomethi omkhiqizo, noma hambisa umbiko ukuze ubuyekezwe lobuchwepheshe.